💬 For indirect methods, we only have two, starting with...

Title: For indirect methods, we only have two, starting with refractometry using refractometer or total solid (TS) meter. It is a refractive index measurement, the velocity of light in the air versus velocity of light in the solution. The degree of deviation or refraction of light is in proportion with the density in the solution and it requires 1-2 gtts/drops of urine. It is the commonly used principle by automated machines and is calibrated between 15 to 38 degrees celsius, temperature...
Full Transcript: For indirect methods, we only have two, starting with refractometry using refractometer or total solid (TS) meter. It is a refractive index measurement, the velocity of light in the air versus velocity of light in the solution. The degree of deviation or refraction of light is in proportion with the density in the solution and it requires 1-2 gtts/drops of urine. It is the commonly used principle by automated machines and is calibrated between 15 to 38 degrees celsius, temperature correction is not required. It is interfered by radiographic contrast media and is calibrated daily using distilled water, 3 percent sodium chloride, 5 percent sodium chloride, and 9 percent sucrose to adjust the set screw. It requires protein and glucose correction. The reagent strip test, or urine dipstick, detects ionized solutes/components only. The principle is that the SG pad contains polyelectrolytes and bromothymol blue as indicator with color reaction of blue (1 point 000) to green to yellow (1 point 030). For adjustments, manufacturers recommend adding 0 point 005 when the pH is 6 point 5 or higher. There is no or minimal interference from glucose, protein, and high0density radiographic contrast media.
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For indirect methods, we only have two, starting with refractometry using refractometer or total solid (TS) meter. It is a refractive index measurement, the velocity of light in the air versus velocity of light in the solution. The degree of deviation or refraction of light is in proportion with the density in the solution and it requires 1-2 gtts/drops of urine. It is the commonly used principle by automated machines and is calibrated between 15 to 38 degrees celsius, temperature...